Battery Vibration Test

Battery vibration test is an important type of test used to assess the reliability and stability of batteries under the vibration environment they are subjected to during transportation. In this test, the battery is subjected to a sweep-frequency sinusoidal vibration against three possible vertical mounting positions, each of which is tested for three hours to simulate the long-term environmental effects of different size levels (e.g. cell, module, battery pack) on the battery. Some of these standards include SAE J2380, SAE J2464, IEC 62660-2 and UN 38.3. They cover vibration tests, temperature cycle tests, shock tests, etc., to simulate the environmental conditions that the battery may encounter in actual use.

SAE J2380 Battery Vibration Test

SAE J2380 standard’s most common battery vibration testing method, the vibration curve is based on actual road measurements and is designed to simulate the effects of the battery pack and module during 100,000 miles of driving. The standard calls for using a series of random vibration curves and applying them to all three vertical axes, the X, Y and Z axes, with the duration of each cycle ranging from 9 minutes to 38 hours.

These random vibration curves are designed to simulate the diverse vibration environments that electric vehicles face in real-world road driving. By applying these curves during testing, it is possible to assess the reliability and durability of the battery pack and module during long-term driving.

UN 38.3

According to Section 38.3 of the United Nations Manual of Tests and Criteria, the testing procedure for transporting dangerous goods for lithium-ion batteries includes eight test types. Among them, heat, vibration and shock are designated as the three main test types. Here is a restatement of these test types:

Thermal testing: Thermal testing for lithium-ion batteries requires 10 hot and cold cycles with a temperature range from 72°C to -40°C. After completing the cycle, the battery needs to be stored at ambient temperature (20°C) for 24 hours. This test is designed to simulate the performance of the battery under different temperature conditions and evaluate its stability.

Vibration test: The vibration test simulates the typical vibration that the battery may face during transportation. The test required a 3-hour sweep-frequency sinusoidal vibration test for each of three possible vertical installation locations. This test assesses the reliability of the battery under various vibration conditions.

Impact test: The impact test requires three positive and three negative half-sine shocks to be applied at each of the three vertical mounting positions, for a total of 18 shocks. This test simulates the impact of the battery in the event of an accident or collision. Through the impact test, the safety and reliability of the battery under impact conditions can be assessed.

IEC 60068 2 Vibration testing

IEC 62660-2 standard is related to ISO 12405 and specifies reliability and abuse testing requirements for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles for a variety of battery systems. The standard includes the following tests:

1.Vibration test: 8 hours of random vibration test is required for each plane of the battery, while mechanical shock test (half sine wave) is carried out in six spatial directions. These tests are designed to simulate the vibrations and shocks the battery may experience in real-world use to assess its reliability.

2.Temperature test: Start at room temperature and heat up at a rate of 5 K per minute until it reaches the final temperature of 130°C and stays within the 2 K range of this target temperature for 30 minutes. The temperature test is designed to evaluate the performance and stability of the battery at high temperatures.

3.Thermal cycle test: 30 test cycles are required, with temperatures ranging from 85°C to -40°C. These tests simulate the behavior of the battery during a temperature cycle to assess its reliability in a temperature changing environment.

In addition to vibration test simulations, physical vibration testing of the vehicle battery and its subsystems is also crucial.

JOEO Vibration test system provides a total solution for low pressure, mechanical vibration and shock testing, which includes Regulation UN 38.3 and ECE Reg 100, which states that any cell, module or pack must be tested in accordance with the Dangerous Goods Act before being transported. If you would like to learn more about battery vibration test, please submit the form below and contact us today.